diff --git a/docs/page-data-api-usage.md b/docs/page-data-api-usage.md
index b778b01..47d8126 100644
--- a/docs/page-data-api-usage.md
+++ b/docs/page-data-api-usage.md
@@ -20,25 +20,27 @@
 
 可在发布面板或策略中逐项覆盖。
 
-## Owner API（需登录）
+## Owner API（需登录，仅后台管理界面）
+
+`/api/page-data/*` 已移除，不可被公开 HTML 调用；旧页面请求会收到 `410 legacy_page_data_api_removed`。
 
 ```text
-GET    /api/page-data                          # 列出已注册 dataset
-GET    /api/page-data/:dataset
-POST   /api/page-data/:dataset/rows
-PATCH  /api/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id
-DELETE /api/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id   # soft delete
-POST   /api/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id/restore
+GET    /api/admin/page-data                          # 列出已注册 dataset
+GET    /api/admin/page-data/:dataset
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/:dataset/rows
+PATCH  /api/admin/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id
+DELETE /api/admin/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id   # soft delete
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/:dataset/rows/:id/restore
 
-GET    /api/page-data/policies
-GET    /api/page-data/policies/:pageId
-PUT    /api/page-data/policies/:pageId
-POST   /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/apply-publish
-GET    /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/ops
-GET    /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/logs
-POST   /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/tokens/revoke
-POST   /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/password/reset
-POST   /api/page-data/policies/:pageId/datasets/:dataset/close
+GET    /api/admin/page-data/policies
+GET    /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId
+PUT    /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/apply-publish
+GET    /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/ops
+GET    /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/logs
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/tokens/revoke
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/password/reset
+POST   /api/admin/page-data/policies/:pageId/datasets/:dataset/close
 ```
 
 ## 公开 API（无需平台登录）
diff --git a/mindspace-page-data-finish-guard.test.mjs b/mindspace-page-data-finish-guard.test.mjs
index d99f886..fdd81a1 100644
--- a/mindspace-page-data-finish-guard.test.mjs
+++ b/mindspace-page-data-finish-guard.test.mjs
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ test('inferPageDataBindAccessMode chooses password for admin html', () => {
     'password',
   );
   assert.equal(inferPageDataBindAccessMode('public/diet-survey.html', SURVEY_HTML), 'public');
+  assert.equal(
+    inferPageDataBindAccessMode(
+      'public/private-tracker.html',
+      '<script>const client = MindSpacePageData.createClient(); client.authenticate(password); client.listRows(\'entries\'); client.insertRow(\'entries\', {});</script>',
+    ),
+    'password',
+  );
 });
 
 test('evaluatePageDataFinishGuard detects unbound page data html', () => {
diff --git a/page-access-policy.mjs b/page-access-policy.mjs
index ffd5afc..8c43860 100644
--- a/page-access-policy.mjs
+++ b/page-access-policy.mjs
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ export function normalizePolicyDataset(name, raw) {
     insert: Boolean(raw.insert),
     update: Boolean(raw.update),
     softDelete: Boolean(raw.softDelete ?? raw.soft_delete),
-    hardDelete: Boolean(raw.hardDelete ?? raw.hard_delete),
+    // `delete` is the page-facing spelling for an intentional permanent PG
+    // delete; retain hardDelete for existing policies.
+    hardDelete: Boolean(raw.hardDelete ?? raw.hard_delete ?? raw.delete),
     columns: normalizedColumns,
     limits:
       raw.limits && typeof raw.limits === 'object'
diff --git a/page-data-acceptance.test.mjs b/page-data-acceptance.test.mjs
index 61872ee..4d8699f 100644
--- a/page-data-acceptance.test.mjs
+++ b/page-data-acceptance.test.mjs
@@ -121,19 +121,19 @@ test('acceptance: agent dataset registry + owner read/insert via Page Data API',
   await setupWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
 
-  const datasets = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data', {
+  const datasets = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(datasets.status, 200);
   assert.equal(datasets.body.data.datasets[0].name, 'leads');
 
-  const inserted = await request(app, 'POST', '/api/page-data/leads/rows', {
+  const inserted = await request(app, 'POST', '/api/admin/page-data/leads/rows', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: { name: 'Owner 线索', note: '内部' },
   });
   assert.equal(inserted.status, 201);
 
-  const listed = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/leads?limit=10', {
+  const listed = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/leads?limit=10', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(listed.status, 200);
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ test('acceptance: apply-publish creates policy for published page', async () =>
   await setupWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
 
-  const applied = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/apply-publish`, {
+  const applied = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/apply-publish`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: {
       datasetName: 'leads',
diff --git a/page-data-html-detect.mjs b/page-data-html-detect.mjs
index 4662249..623feab 100644
--- a/page-data-html-detect.mjs
+++ b/page-data-html-detect.mjs
@@ -41,12 +41,21 @@ export function detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml(html) {
   for (const match of text.matchAll(/\.listRows\(\s*['"]([^'"]+)['"]/g)) {
     remember(match[1], { read: true });
   }
+  for (const match of text.matchAll(/\.deleteRow\(\s*['"]([^'"]+)['"]/g)) {
+    // The browser client's deleteRow endpoint intentionally falls back to a
+    // soft delete unless a policy explicitly grants hard_delete. A page using
+    // this API must therefore only require the safe, default capability.
+    remember(match[1], { softDelete: true });
+  }
   for (const match of text.matchAll(/\.insertRow\(\s*([A-Za-z_$][\w$]*)/g)) {
     remember(constants.get(match[1]) ?? match[1], { insert: true });
   }
   for (const match of text.matchAll(/\.listRows\(\s*([A-Za-z_$][\w$]*)/g)) {
     remember(constants.get(match[1]) ?? match[1], { read: true });
   }
+  for (const match of text.matchAll(/\.deleteRow\(\s*([A-Za-z_$][\w$]*)/g)) {
+    remember(constants.get(match[1]) ?? match[1], { softDelete: true });
+  }
 
   return datasets;
 }
@@ -55,7 +64,16 @@ export function inferPageDataBindAccessMode(relativePath, html) {
   const usage = detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml(html);
   const hasRead = [...usage.values()].some((item) => item.read);
   const hasInsert = [...usage.values()].some((item) => item.insert);
-  if (/-admin\.html$/i.test(String(relativePath ?? '')) || (hasRead && !hasInsert)) {
+  // A page that exchanges a password for a Page Data token is intentionally
+  // protected even when it both reads and writes its dataset (for example, a
+  // personal tracker). Do not silently re-bind it as public merely because it
+  // is not named "-admin.html".
+  const usesServerAuthentication = /\.\s*authenticate\s*\(/.test(String(html ?? ''));
+  if (
+    /-admin\.html$/i.test(String(relativePath ?? '')) ||
+    (hasRead && !hasInsert) ||
+    usesServerAuthentication
+  ) {
     return 'password';
   }
   return 'public';
@@ -122,6 +140,10 @@ export function buildPageDataPolicyDatasetsFromRegistry({ html, registryDatasets
         entry.columns.read = registered.columns?.read ?? [];
       }
     }
+    if (perms.softDelete) {
+      entry.softDelete = true;
+      entry.columns.soft_delete = registered.columns?.soft_delete ?? ['id'];
+    }
 
     datasets[name] = entry;
   }
diff --git a/page-data-html-detect.test.mjs b/page-data-html-detect.test.mjs
index 56c0c53..1ddcb1a 100644
--- a/page-data-html-detect.test.mjs
+++ b/page-data-html-detect.test.mjs
@@ -15,14 +15,24 @@ test('htmlUsesForbiddenLegacyPageDataApi detects /api/page-data passthrough', ()
   assert.equal(detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml(html).size, 0);
 });
 
-test('detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml finds insert and read datasets', () => {
+test('detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml treats browser deleteRow as a soft delete', () => {
   const html = `
     await c.insertRow('tkmind_exp_survey', { satisfaction: '满意' });
     await c.listRows('tkmind_exp_survey', { limit: 10 });
+    await c.deleteRow('tkmind_exp_survey', 42);
   `;
   const usage = detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml(html);
   assert.equal(usage.size, 1);
-  assert.deepEqual(usage.get('tkmind_exp_survey'), { insert: true, read: true });
+  assert.deepEqual(usage.get('tkmind_exp_survey'), { insert: true, read: true, softDelete: true });
+});
+
+test('buildPageDataPolicyDatasetsFromRegistry grants registered soft delete when HTML uses deleteRow', () => {
+  const datasets = buildPageDataPolicyDatasetsFromRegistry({
+    html: `const DATASET = 'mood_notes'; await c.deleteRow(DATASET, 1);`,
+    registryDatasets: [{ name: 'mood_notes', columns: { soft_delete: ['id'] } }],
+  });
+  assert.equal(datasets.mood_notes.softDelete, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(datasets.mood_notes.columns.soft_delete, ['id']);
 });
 
 test('detectPageDataDatasetUsageFromHtml resolves dataset constants', () => {
diff --git a/page-data-integration.test.mjs b/page-data-integration.test.mjs
index 2e554ca..4b113b0 100644
--- a/page-data-integration.test.mjs
+++ b/page-data-integration.test.mjs
@@ -133,14 +133,14 @@ test('integration: owner private API and public insert coexist without breaking
   const service = await setupWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
 
-  const ownerInsert = await request(app, 'POST', '/api/page-data/entries/rows', {
+  const ownerInsert = await request(app, 'POST', '/api/admin/page-data/entries/rows', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: { title: 'owner 写入' },
   });
   assert.equal(ownerInsert.status, 201);
   assert.equal(ownerInsert.body.data.row.title, 'owner 写入');
 
-  const ownerList = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/entries?limit=10', {
+  const ownerList = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/entries?limit=10', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(ownerList.status, 200);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ test('integration: owner private API and public insert coexist without breaking
       },
     },
   };
-  const policyWrite = await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
+  const policyWrite = await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: policy,
   });
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ test('integration: owner private API and public insert coexist without breaking
   assert.equal(publicReadDenied.status, 403);
   assert.equal(publicReadDenied.body.error.code, 'action_not_allowed');
 
-  const ownerListAfterPublic = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/entries?limit=10', {
+  const ownerListAfterPublic = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/entries?limit=10', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(ownerListAfterPublic.status, 200);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ test('integration: public insert rejects SQL injection style payload keys', asyn
   const workspaceRoot = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'page-data-integration-sql-'));
   await setupWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
-  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
+  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: {
       pageId: PAGE_ID,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ test('integration: password publication flow still works for read after data-aut
   const app = express();
   app.use('/api', api);
 
-  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
+  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: {
       pageId: PAGE_ID,
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ test('integration: public insert writes operation logs for owner review', async
   const workspaceRoot = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'page-data-logs-int-'));
   await setupPublicWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
-  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
+  await request(app, 'PUT', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: {
       pageId: PAGE_ID,
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ test('integration: public insert writes operation logs for owner review', async
   await request(app, 'POST', `/api/public/pages/${PAGE_ID}/data/signups/rows`, {
     body: { name: '日志测试', phone: '13800000000' },
   });
-  const logs = await request(app, 'GET', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/logs`, {
+  const logs = await request(app, 'GET', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/logs`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(logs.status, 200);
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ test('integration: owner can export dataset and restore soft-deleted rows', asyn
     phone: '13800000001',
   });
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
-  const exported = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/signups/export?format=json', {
+  const exported = await request(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/signups/export?format=json', {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(exported.status, 200);
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ test('integration: owner can export dataset and restore soft-deleted rows', asyn
   await ownerService.softDeleteRowForDataset(ownerService.getDataset('signups'), inserted.row.id, {
     deletedBy: 'test',
   });
-  const restored = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/signups/rows/${inserted.row.id}/restore`, {
+  const restored = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/signups/rows/${inserted.row.id}/restore`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(restored.status, 200);
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ test('integration: apply-publish route binds dataset after publication', async (
   await setupPublicWorkspace(workspaceRoot);
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot);
 
-  const applied = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/apply-publish`, {
+  const applied = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/apply-publish`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: {
       datasetName: 'signups',
diff --git a/page-data-ops.test.mjs b/page-data-ops.test.mjs
index d9d540c..528b547 100644
--- a/page-data-ops.test.mjs
+++ b/page-data-ops.test.mjs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ test('ops overview returns datasets stats logs and active sessions', async () =>
     headers: { 'x-page-data-token': (await request(app, 'POST', `/api/public/pages/${PAGE_ID}/data-auth`, { body: { password: OLD_PASSWORD } })).body.data.token },
   });
 
-  const overview = await request(app, 'GET', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/ops`, {
+  const overview = await request(app, 'GET', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/ops`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(overview.status, 200);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ test('owner can revoke all tokens and reset password', async () => {
   let updatedPasswordHash = null;
   const app = buildApp(workspaceRoot, createPool({ onUpdate: ([hash]) => { updatedPasswordHash = hash; } }), sessionStore);
 
-  const revoked = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/tokens/revoke`, {
+  const revoked = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/tokens/revoke`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: { revokeAll: true },
   });
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ test('owner can revoke all tokens and reset password', async () => {
   assert.equal(sessionStore.verify(auth1.token), null);
   assert.equal(sessionStore.verify(auth2.token), null);
 
-  const reset = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/password/reset`, {
+  const reset = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/password/reset`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
     body: { password: NEW_PASSWORD },
   });
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ test('owner can close dataset and public insert is denied afterwards', async ()
     body: { password: OLD_PASSWORD },
   });
 
-  const closed = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/datasets/signups/close`, {
+  const closed = await request(app, 'POST', `/api/admin/page-data/policies/${PAGE_ID}/datasets/signups/close`, {
     headers: { 'x-test-user': '1' },
   });
   assert.equal(closed.status, 200);
diff --git a/page-data-public-service.mjs b/page-data-public-service.mjs
index 3ef15c0..bb76625 100644
--- a/page-data-public-service.mjs
+++ b/page-data-public-service.mjs
@@ -501,18 +501,21 @@ export function createPageDataPublicService(deps = {}) {
     });
   }
 
-  async function softDeleteRow(pageId, datasetName, rowId, req) {
+  async function deleteRow(pageId, datasetName, rowId, req) {
     return runPublicAction(async () => {
       const publication = await queryPublication(pageId);
       const policy = await loadPolicy(publication);
+      const deleteAction = policyAllowsAction(policy, datasetName, 'hard_delete')
+        ? 'hard_delete'
+        : 'soft_delete';
       const access = resolveAccessContext({
         publication,
         policy,
         req,
-        action: 'soft_delete',
+        action: deleteAction,
         datasetName,
       });
-      enforceRateLimit(req, publication, 'soft_delete');
+      enforceRateLimit(req, publication, deleteAction);
       const { ownerService, effective, policyDataset } = await resolveEffectiveDataset(
         publication.user_id,
         policy,
@@ -531,13 +534,15 @@ export function createPageDataPublicService(deps = {}) {
             }
           : null,
       );
-      const result = await ownerService.softDeleteRowForDataset(effective, rowId, {
+      const result = deleteAction === 'hard_delete'
+        ? await ownerService.hardDeleteRowForDataset(effective, rowId, { rowScope })
+        : await ownerService.softDeleteRowForDataset(effective, rowId, {
         deletedBy: access.session?.sessionId ?? 'public',
         rowScope,
       });
       recordPublicLog(resolveWorkspaceRoot(publication.user_id), publication, {
         datasetName,
-        action: 'soft_delete',
+        action: deleteAction,
         rowId,
         req,
         session: access.session,
@@ -781,7 +786,8 @@ export function createPageDataPublicService(deps = {}) {
     getStats,
     insertRow,
     updateRow,
-    softDeleteRow,
+    deleteRow,
+    softDeleteRow: deleteRow,
     getOwnerPolicy,
     saveOwnerPolicy,
     saveOwnerPolicyFromPublish,
diff --git a/page-data-routes.mjs b/page-data-routes.mjs
index fe9fbac..11b94c2 100644
--- a/page-data-routes.mjs
+++ b/page-data-routes.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 import { stripPageDataMetaFields } from './page-data-captcha.mjs';
 import { mapPageDataPublicError } from './page-data-public-service.mjs';
 
+// Owner/admin APIs intentionally use a separate namespace from APIs callable
+// by published HTML.  A generated public page must only use
+// `/api/public/pages/:pageId/data/...`; keeping `/api/page-data` live made it
+// too easy for an LLM-generated page to accidentally target owner APIs.
+const OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX = '/admin/page-data';
+
+export function isLegacyPageDataApiPath(pathname) {
+  return /^\/page-data(?:\/|$)/.test(String(pathname ?? ''));
+}
+
 function requireUser(req, res, sendError) {
   if (!req.currentUser?.id) {
     sendError(res, req, 401, 'unauthorized', '未授权，请重新登录');
@@ -31,7 +41,7 @@ function handlePublicError(res, req, sendError, error) {
 export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
   const { sendData, sendError, getPageDataService, getPageDataPublicService } = deps;
 
-  api.get('/page-data', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -45,7 +55,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/policies', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -58,7 +68,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/policies/:pageId', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -72,7 +82,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/policies/:pageId/apply-publish', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/apply-publish`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -90,7 +100,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.put('/page-data/policies/:pageId', async (req, res) => {
+  api.put(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -103,7 +113,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/policies/:pageId/logs', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/logs`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -120,7 +130,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/policies/:pageId/ops', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/ops`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -133,7 +143,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/policies/:pageId/tokens/revoke', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/tokens/revoke`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -149,7 +159,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/policies/:pageId/password/reset', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/password/reset`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -164,7 +174,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/policies/:pageId/datasets/:dataset/close', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/policies/:pageId/datasets/:dataset/close`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
@@ -177,7 +187,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/:dataset/export', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/export`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -203,7 +213,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/:dataset', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -228,7 +238,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/:dataset/schema', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/schema`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -242,7 +252,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.get('/page-data/:dataset/stats', async (req, res) => {
+  api.get(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/stats`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -256,7 +266,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/:dataset/rows', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/rows`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -272,7 +282,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.post('/page-data/:dataset/rows/:rowId/restore', async (req, res) => {
+  api.post(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/rows/:rowId/restore`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -286,7 +296,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.patch('/page-data/:dataset/rows/:rowId', async (req, res) => {
+  api.patch(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/rows/:rowId`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -302,7 +312,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     }
   });
 
-  api.delete('/page-data/:dataset/rows/:rowId', async (req, res) => {
+  api.delete(`${OWNER_PAGE_DATA_API_PREFIX}/:dataset/rows/:rowId`, async (req, res) => {
     const user = requireUser(req, res, sendError);
     if (!user) return;
     const service = getPageDataService?.();
@@ -408,7 +418,7 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
     const publicService = getPageDataPublicService?.();
     if (!publicService) return sendError(res, req, 503, 'feature_disabled', 'Page Data API 未启用');
     try {
-      const result = await publicService.softDeleteRow(
+      const result = await publicService.deleteRow(
         req.params.pageId,
         req.params.dataset,
         req.params.rowId,
@@ -419,4 +429,17 @@ export function attachPageDataRoutes(api, deps) {
       return handlePublicError(res, req, sendError, error);
     }
   });
+
+  // Do not retain a compatibility alias.  It would keep the forbidden API
+  // usable from generated pages and turn a future prompt regression into a
+  // production data-access bug.  Owner UI has moved to /admin/page-data.
+  api.use('/page-data', (req, res) =>
+    sendError(
+      res,
+      req,
+      410,
+      'legacy_page_data_api_removed',
+      '旧版 Page Data API 已移除；公开页面请使用 /api/public/pages/:pageId/data，后台请使用 /api/admin/page-data。',
+    ),
+  );
 }
diff --git a/page-data-routes.test.mjs b/page-data-routes.test.mjs
index 7316dc3..212f9bf 100644
--- a/page-data-routes.test.mjs
+++ b/page-data-routes.test.mjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import express from 'express';
-import { attachPageDataRoutes } from './page-data-routes.mjs';
+import { attachPageDataRoutes, isLegacyPageDataApiPath } from './page-data-routes.mjs';
 import { createPageDataService } from './page-data-service.mjs';
 import { createUserDataSpaceService } from './user-data-space-service.mjs';
 
@@ -82,21 +82,21 @@ test('page data routes allow logged-in owner to read and insert dataset rows', a
     user: { id: 'user-1', workspaceRoot },
   });
 
-  const inserted = await requestJson(app, 'POST', '/api/page-data/feedback/rows', {
+  const inserted = await requestJson(app, 'POST', '/api/admin/page-data/feedback/rows', {
     message: '很好用',
   });
   assert.equal(inserted.status, 201);
   assert.equal(inserted.body.data.row.message, '很好用');
 
-  const listed = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/feedback?limit=10');
+  const listed = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/feedback?limit=10');
   assert.equal(listed.status, 200);
   assert.equal(listed.body.data.rows.length, 1);
 
-  const schema = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/feedback/schema');
+  const schema = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/feedback/schema');
   assert.equal(schema.status, 200);
   assert.equal(schema.body.data.dataset.name, 'feedback');
 
-  const stats = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/feedback/stats');
+  const stats = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/feedback/stats');
   assert.equal(stats.status, 200);
   assert.equal(stats.body.data.total, 1);
 });
@@ -130,21 +130,21 @@ test('page data routes allow owner update and soft delete', async () => {
     user: { id: 'user-1', workspaceRoot },
   });
 
-  const inserted = await requestJson(app, 'POST', '/api/page-data/tasks/rows', { title: '待办' });
+  const inserted = await requestJson(app, 'POST', '/api/admin/page-data/tasks/rows', { title: '待办' });
   assert.equal(inserted.status, 201);
   const rowId = inserted.body.data.row.id;
 
-  const updated = await requestJson(app, 'PATCH', `/api/page-data/tasks/rows/${rowId}`, {
+  const updated = await requestJson(app, 'PATCH', `/api/admin/page-data/tasks/rows/${rowId}`, {
     status: 'done',
   });
   assert.equal(updated.status, 200);
   assert.equal(updated.body.data.row.status, 'done');
 
-  const deleted = await requestJson(app, 'DELETE', `/api/page-data/tasks/rows/${rowId}`);
+  const deleted = await requestJson(app, 'DELETE', `/api/admin/page-data/tasks/rows/${rowId}`);
   assert.equal(deleted.status, 200);
   assert.equal(deleted.body.data.deleted, true);
 
-  const listed = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/tasks?limit=10');
+  const listed = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/tasks?limit=10');
   assert.equal(listed.status, 200);
   assert.equal(listed.body.data.rows.length, 0);
 });
@@ -168,11 +168,25 @@ test('page data routes reject unauthorized dataset action', async () => {
     user: { id: 'user-1', workspaceRoot },
   });
 
-  const denied = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/page-data/hidden');
+  const denied = await requestJson(app, 'GET', '/api/admin/page-data/hidden');
   assert.equal(denied.status, 403);
   assert.equal(denied.body.error.code, 'action_not_allowed');
 });
 
+test('legacy page data API is permanently unavailable', async () => {
+  const workspaceRoot = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'page-data-api-legacy-'));
+  const app = createApiApp({ workspaceRoot, user: { id: 'user-1', workspaceRoot } });
+
+  const blocked = await requestJson(app, 'POST', '/api/page-data/notes/rows', { content: '旧页面' });
+  assert.equal(blocked.status, 410);
+  assert.equal(blocked.body.error.code, 'legacy_page_data_api_removed');
+});
+
+test('legacy API path detector does not include the admin namespace', () => {
+  assert.equal(isLegacyPageDataApiPath('/page-data/notes/rows'), true);
+  assert.equal(isLegacyPageDataApiPath('/admin/page-data/notes/rows'), false);
+});
+
 test('page data routes require login', async () => {
   const api = express.Router();
   attachPageDataRoutes(api, {
@@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ test('page data routes require login', async () => {
     sendError: (res, _req, status, code, message) => res.status(status).json({ error: { code, message } }),
     getPageDataService: () => createPageDataService({ resolveWorkspaceRoot: async () => '/tmp' }),
   });
-  const handler = api.stack.find((layer) => layer.route?.path === '/page-data/:dataset')?.route.stack[0].handle;
+  const handler = api.stack.find((layer) => layer.route?.path === '/admin/page-data/:dataset')?.route.stack[0].handle;
   const res = createResponseRecorder();
   await handler({ params: { dataset: 'demo' } }, res);
   assert.equal(res.statusCode, 401);
diff --git a/page-data-workspace-bind.mjs b/page-data-workspace-bind.mjs
index daaff27..d8b4bd1 100644
--- a/page-data-workspace-bind.mjs
+++ b/page-data-workspace-bind.mjs
@@ -152,6 +152,13 @@ function assertRegisteredDatasetTables(userDataSpace, registryDatasets, usage) {
         action: 'read',
       });
     }
+    if (requiredUsage.softDelete && !dataset.actions.includes('soft_delete')) {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error(`dataset「${dataset.name}」未开放软删除`), {
+        code: 'dataset_action_not_registered',
+        datasetName: dataset.name,
+        action: 'soft_delete',
+      });
+    }
     const actualColumns = userDataSpace.listTableColumns(dataset.table);
     if (!actualColumns.length) {
       throw Object.assign(new Error(`dataset 对应表不存在：${dataset.table}`), {
diff --git a/server.mjs b/server.mjs
index 7bdf230..8a0d12d 100644
--- a/server.mjs
+++ b/server.mjs
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ import { createSkillRuntimeAdminConfigService } from './skill-runtime-admin-conf
 import { createWechatScheduleLlmConfigService } from './wechat-schedule-llm-config.mjs';
 import { createExperienceService } from './experience-service.mjs';
 import { attachAsrRoutes } from './asr-proxy.mjs';
-import { attachPageDataRoutes } from './page-data-routes.mjs';
+import { attachPageDataRoutes, isLegacyPageDataApiPath } from './page-data-routes.mjs';
 import { createPageDataService } from './page-data-service.mjs';
 import { createPageDataPublicService, isPageDataPublicPath } from './page-data-public-service.mjs';
 import { syncPageDataPolicyAccessMode } from './page-data-publish-sync.mjs';
@@ -2035,10 +2035,14 @@ api.use(async (req, res, next) => {
 
   const plazaPublic = isPlazaPublicRead(req.path, req.method);
   const pageDataPublic = isPageDataPublicPath(req.path, req.method);
+  // Let the retired namespace reach its explicit 410 handler below.  Without
+  // this exception the outer auth middleware turns an old public HTML request
+  // into a misleading 401/403 before the legacy-endpoint block can run.
+  const legacyPageDataApi = isLegacyPageDataApiPath(req.path);
 
   if (userAuth && tkmindProxy) {
     if (req.userSessionError) {
-      if (plazaPublic || pageDataPublic) return next();
+      if (plazaPublic || pageDataPublic || legacyPageDataApi) return next();
       return res.status(503).json({ message: '用户认证服务不可用，请稍后重试' });
     }
     try {
@@ -2046,7 +2050,7 @@ api.use(async (req, res, next) => {
         const me = await userAuth.getMe(req.userToken);
         if (me) req.currentUser = me;
       }
-      if (plazaPublic || pageDataPublic) return next();
+      if (plazaPublic || pageDataPublic || legacyPageDataApi) return next();
       if (!req.userSession) {
         return res.status(401).json({ message: '未授权，请重新登录' });
       }
diff --git a/src/api/client.ts b/src/api/client.ts
index 6f4528c..c45f9b0 100644
--- a/src/api/client.ts
+++ b/src/api/client.ts
@@ -1483,24 +1483,24 @@ export async function listOwnerPageDataPolicies(): Promise<
         updatedAt: number;
       }>;
     };
-  }>('/page-data/policies');
+  }>('/admin/page-data/policies');
   return result.data.policies;
 }
 
 export function buildPageDataExportUrl(dataset: string, format: 'json' | 'csv' = 'json') {
   const params = new URLSearchParams({ format });
-  return `/api/page-data/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/export?${params.toString()}`;
+  return `/api/admin/page-data/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/export?${params.toString()}`;
 }
 
 export async function listPageDataDatasets(): Promise<PageDataDatasetSummary[]> {
-  const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { datasets: PageDataDatasetSummary[] } }>('/page-data');
+  const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { datasets: PageDataDatasetSummary[] } }>('/admin/page-data');
   return result.data.datasets;
 }
 
 export async function getPageDataPolicy(pageId: string): Promise<PageDataAccessPolicy | null> {
   try {
     const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { policy: PageDataAccessPolicy } }>(
-      `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}`,
+      `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}`,
     );
     return result.data.policy;
   } catch (error) {
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ export async function applyPageDataPublishPolicy(
   },
 ): Promise<PageDataAccessPolicy> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { policy: PageDataAccessPolicy } }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/apply-publish`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/apply-publish`,
     {
       method: 'POST',
       body: JSON.stringify({
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ export async function savePageDataPolicy(
   policy: Partial<PageDataAccessPolicy>,
 ): Promise<PageDataAccessPolicy> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { policy: PageDataAccessPolicy } }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}`,
     {
       method: 'PUT',
       body: JSON.stringify(policy),
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ export async function savePageDataPolicy(
 
 export async function getPageDataOpsOverview(pageId: string): Promise<PageDataOpsOverview> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: PageDataOpsOverview }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/ops`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/ops`,
   );
   return result.data;
 }
@@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ export async function listPageDataLogs(
   if (input.offset != null) params.set('offset', String(input.offset));
   const query = params.toString();
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { pageId: string; logs: PageDataLogEntry[]; count: number } }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/logs${query ? `?${query}` : ''}`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/logs${query ? `?${query}` : ''}`,
   );
   return result.data;
 }
@@ -1574,7 +1574,7 @@ export async function revokePageDataTokens(
   input: { revokeAll?: boolean; token?: string },
 ): Promise<{ pageId: string; revokedCount: number; revokeAll: boolean }> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { pageId: string; revokedCount: number; revokeAll: boolean } }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/tokens/revoke`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/tokens/revoke`,
     {
       method: 'POST',
       body: JSON.stringify({
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ export async function resetPageDataPassword(
 ): Promise<{ pageId: string; passwordReset: boolean; revokedSessions: number }> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{
     data: { pageId: string; passwordReset: boolean; revokedSessions: number };
-  }>(`/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/password/reset`, {
+  }>(`/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/password/reset`, {
     method: 'POST',
     body: JSON.stringify({ password }),
   });
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ export async function closePageDataDataset(
   dataset: string,
 ): Promise<{ pageId: string; dataset: string; closed: boolean }> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { pageId: string; dataset: string; closed: boolean } }>(
-    `/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/datasets/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/close`,
+    `/admin/page-data/policies/${encodeURIComponent(pageId)}/datasets/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/close`,
     { method: 'POST' },
   );
   return result.data;
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ export async function restorePageDataRow(
   rowId: number | string,
 ): Promise<{ restored: boolean; row: Record<string, unknown> }> {
   const result = await apiFetch<{ data: { restored: boolean; row: Record<string, unknown> } }>(
-    `/page-data/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/rows/${encodeURIComponent(String(rowId))}/restore`,
+    `/admin/page-data/${encodeURIComponent(dataset)}/rows/${encodeURIComponent(String(rowId))}/restore`,
     { method: 'POST' },
   );
   return result.data;
diff --git a/user-data-space-service.mjs b/user-data-space-service.mjs
index 7279265..3703c93 100644
--- a/user-data-space-service.mjs
+++ b/user-data-space-service.mjs
@@ -674,6 +674,18 @@ export function createUserDataSpaceService(options = {}) {
     return { dataset, id, deleted: true };
   }
 
+  async function hardDeleteRowForDataset(dataset, rowId, meta = {}) {
+    assertDatasetAction(dataset, 'hard_delete');
+    const table = assertSafeSqlIdentifier(dataset.table, '表名');
+    const id = Number(rowId);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(id) || id <= 0) {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error('行 id 无效'), { code: 'invalid_row_id' });
+    }
+    const scopeClause = meta.rowScope?.whereClause ? ` AND ${meta.rowScope.whereClause}` : '';
+    await executeSql(`DELETE FROM "${table}" WHERE id = ${id}${scopeClause};`);
+    return { dataset, id, deleted: true, permanentlyDeleted: true };
+  }
+
   async function restoreSoftDeletedRowForDataset(dataset, rowId) {
     const table = assertSafeSqlIdentifier(dataset.table, '表名');
     const id = Number(rowId);
@@ -795,6 +807,7 @@ export function createUserDataSpaceService(options = {}) {
     updateRowForDataset,
     softDeleteDatasetRow,
     softDeleteRowForDataset,
+    hardDeleteRowForDataset,
     restoreSoftDeletedRowForDataset,
     restoreSoftDeletedRow,
     exportDatasetRows,